Adams, Jr., Charles Francis

Charles Francis Adams II
May 27, 1835(1835-05-27) – May 20, 1915(1915-05-20) (aged 79)
Place of burial	Mount Wollaston Cemetery Quincy, Massachusetts
Allegiance	United States of America Union
Service/branch	Union Army
Rank	Brevet Brigadier General
Battles/wars	American Civil War

Charles Francis Adams II (May 27, 1835 – May 20, 1915) was a member of the prominent Adams family, and son of Charles Francis Adams, Sr. He served as a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was a railroad executive following the war.

[edit] Early life and career

Captain Adams (second from right) with officers of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, August 1864

Adams was born into a family with a long legacy in American public life. He was the great-grandson of United States President John Adams, and the grandson of president John Quincy Adams. His father Charles Francis Adams, Sr.^[1] was a lawyer, politician, diplomat, and writer.

After graduating from Harvard University in 1856, Adams served on the Union side in the American Civil War, serving initially as a captain in a Massachusetts cavalry regiment. He fought with distinction during the Gettysburg Campaign, where his company was heavily engaged at the Battle of Aldie. He received the brevet rank of brigadier-general in the United States Volunteers on July 23, 1866, to rank from March 13, 1865.^[2] On July 9, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Colonel Adams for the award of the grade of brevet brigadier general, United States Volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865 and the U. S. Senate confirmed the award on July 23, 1866.^[3] Colonel Adams was awarded the grade of brevet brigadier general for distinguished gallantry and efficiency at the battles of Secessionville, South Carolina and South Mountain and Antietam, Maryland and for meritorious services during the war.^[4]

On 8 May 1865, he married Mary Elizabeth [Ogden]; daughter of Abram Ogden of New York City, NY. The couple had three daughters and two twin sons: Mary Ogden ("Molly") Adams, Louisa Catherine Adams, Elizabeth Ogden ("Elise") Adams, John Adams (b. 1875 - 1964), and Henry Adams (b. 1875 - 1951), both of whom graduated Harvard in 1898.^[5][6][7]

Following the Civil War, he was appointed to the Massachusetts Railroad Commission. There he attempted to persuade (rather than coerce) railroads into compliance with accepted business norms. Thomas McCraw called Adams's approach to regulation "the Sunshine Commission" since the purpose of the commission was to expose the corrupt business practices in hopes that, once out in the open, the businessmen would be shamed into mending their ways. It was in this vein that he wrote Chapters of Erie. However, true to his regulatory philosophy, he favored the protection of businessmen over that of the consumers. He saw regulation as necessary to protect investors and other businessmen from the capriciousness of a hostile public or the machinations of other unscruplous stock jobbers.^[8]

[edit] Union Pacific Railroad

Adams was president of the Union Pacific Railroad from 1884 to 1890, having previously become widely known as an authority on the management of railways. Among his writings are Railroads, Their Origin and Problems (1878).

[edit] Relations

His siblings include: older sister Louisa Catherine [Adams], wife of Charles Kuhn, of Philadelphia, older brother [Hon.] John Quincy Adams II; the father of Charles Adams, III, the historian Henry Brooks Adams,^[5] Arthur Adams, who died young during their childhood, Mary Adams, who married Henry Parker Quincy, of Dedham, MA, and historian Peter Chardon Brooks Adams, of Beverly Farms, MA. who married Evelyn [Davis].

[edit] Death and burial

Charles F. Adams, Jr. died May 20, 1915, a week shy of his 80th birthday. He is buried in Mount Wollaston Cemetery in Quincy, Massachusetts. His grave can be found in the Old Section, Lot 337.^[9]

[edit] Works

• Railroads, Their Origin and Problems (1878)
• Notes on Railroad Accidents (1879)
• Charles Francis Adams, 1835-1915: An Autobiography (1916)

[edit] See also

	Biography portal
	United States Army portal
	American Civil War portal

• List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War
• Massachusetts in the American Civil War

[edit] References

• Antinomianism in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1636-38 (1894).
• Eicher, John H. and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• "Imperialism" and "The Tracks of Our Forefathers" by Charles Francis Adams at Project Gutenberg (1898).
• Hunt, Roger D. and Brown, Jack R., Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue. Olde Soldier Books, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 1990. ISBN 1-56013-002-4.
• Kirkland, Edward C. Charles Francis Adams Jr., 1835-1915: Patrician at Bay. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967.
• McCraw, Thomas K. Prophets of Regulation: Charles Francis Adams, Louis D. Brandeis, James M. Landis, Alfred E. Kahn. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1984.
• Railroads: Their Origin and Problems (1878).
• Soylent Communications (2005), Charles Francis Adams, Jr.. Retrieved February 21, 2005.
• Three Episodes of Massachusetts History (1892).
• "'Tis Sixty Years Since" by Charles Francis Adams at Project Gutenberg (1913)

[edit] External links

• Works by Charles Francis Adams, Jr. at Project Gutenberg
• Notes on Railroad Accidents, 1879
• Shall Cromwell Have a Statue?, 1902